NAVIGATION nation through todayâ € ™ s shame TOMORROW € ™ S FAME: social studies as a pilot, a song my husband and the New Nigeria, 17 in SE
NAVIGATION The nation through todayâ € ™ s shame TOMORROW € ™ S FAME:
Studies Social as a pilot
17TH INAUGURAL CONFERENCE in the number of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Delivered by
Professor Emman Osakwe
Degree (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), MA (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)
Professor of Social Studies and Dean, School of Specialization
Delta State University Abraka.
Thursday ', February 26, 2009
© Copyright 2009 by University Studies of Delta Abraka
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or by any means, photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without permission of copyright owners.
ISBN 978 â € "33,872 â € "7 â €" 4
Published in February, 2009 By
Delta State University, Abraka,
DELTA STATE, in Nigeria.
Printed from
Justice and Jeco Press Ltd. Publishers,
Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Prologue / Preface
This teacher is Professor processed + â € | Famous + Nigeria's
(A Love Song to my husband and Nigeria New)
And he said: â € I œmarry May! Â €
â € ~ do anything like this: Do not marry € ™ â € ~ teacher said in May
Scoria professions: teacher â € "disqualified
Yet, more significantly, the voice persistent class! – Qualified
This teacher now transformed, professor, priest and prophet.
Palm oil, the broom and sponge, Banga Soup â € "processed palm
Through fire, through water, the sharp blade, the agents of deterioration â € "processed
How kero, diesel, gasoline, cream, jam, this balm â € "oil processed
Emman Osakwe, turned teacher, feel a voice beyond
Beyond the podium nations.
Processed through the pain, deprivation, denial, then laughed,
Today € ™ s teacher mounts the podium, here it comes:
My husband, my main, Mon pa ri ©
Processed through fire, through the water, denied his due
This teacher of teachers of primary teachers
It is a teacher, teaching the teachers of teachers teachers.
Denied promotion to peak for ten years!
My co-parent, and persevered over the years!
Like the diamond turned carbon-based, my prince of patients and pacemaker
The main teacher loads of knowledge:
Intellectual and divine, has a message:
Nigeria is the treatment of shame â € "
The shame of corruption, greed as seriously!
The shame of mismanagement and misrule
Poor governance, poverty, wealth producing high giant
Shame monumental waste of resources
The shame of evil and religious impiety
Processing of shame to our desired fame:
Our famous home, yes, our homeland;
Land of my birth, the land of my pain, the land of my shame
Land of your birth, the land of sorrow, a land of your shame
It depends on too long after independence, as fragile as the Eaglet
Eaglet for this fragile, ready to fall, unable to fly,
Become the largest eagle in flight
Famous bird not to fly but fly â € "
Land of my birth, the land of your birth, the land of our birth
Land of my fame, your fame land, land of our reputation â € "
Nigeria is your name!
Osakwe Ejime Mabel (2009)
Chair, English Language
Delta State University, Abraka
Courtesies
The Vice-Chancellor,
Vice Chancellor (Admin.)
The Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic)
The provosts, Asaba and Oleh campus,
The Acting Registrar,
The Treasurer,
The University Librarian,
The provost, Faculty of Health,
Dean of the Faculty of Education,
Deans of other Faculties,
Professors and other Members of the Senate
Heads of department and other academic colleagues,
The members of the administrative and technical staff,
My Lords Spiritual and temporal
The members of my family, nuclear and extended,
My in-laws,
Distinguished guests,
Gentlemen of the press,
Great DELSUITES,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Preamble
I feel very honored and privileged to be asked to provide Inaugural Lecture on 17 Delta State University, Abraka. I thank God for giving us journey mercies of this meeting and I think that will take us all home safely in name of Jesus â € "Amen.
You buy and read newspapers todayâ € ™ s? How many interceptions mind and bloody stories? What is later than militancy and criminality in the Niger Delta? How painful! You can try to take your mind off the problems of depression and feed the mind with Obama's dream come true so great and our will. Yes, welcome on this board! Therefore God has given us occasion to reflect and discuss social issues similar to those raised earlier in this welcome bit. I'm sorry to say however that I have the monopoly of the word in this debate is why it is called a lesson. But their Release your mind to travel along as pilots Social Studies our navigation through todayâ € ™ s shame tomorrow € ™ s reputation.
INTRODUCTION
The first thing is to pay attention to the nature and purpose of Social Studies and how to serve as a vehicle to address issues of our time. Brief words, social studies and learn to live and participate in this world at a particular time and place, then we have the formula:
SSE Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â = PSPT
PA = Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â People
SA = Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Company
PA = Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â place
t = Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â time
This conference is a thorough discussion on an aspect of my academic skills and my contribution to the social studies as a field of knowledge, ESS will be guided by the formula as directed and the nature of Social Studies.
Here, then, P L means' People of Nigeria, Nigerian society means S, P, the geographical entity called Nigeria Nigeria et media yesterday, today and tomorrow. In this lecture, Nigeria yesterday involves pre-colonial Nigeria to the period before the Second Republic and Nigeria through the 2nd period today the Republic today.
We realize that this audience is not only interdisciplinary œgownâ € â € â € but also a heterogeneous œtownâ €. It will then operate within this defined area.
Social Studies touches every aspect of human existence: man himself as a product of nature and man as a product of social nourishment resulting from social, political, economic and physical. Social studies has therefore long been identified as a real tool or avenue reshapening for society. (Lawton and Durfour 1973, Osakwe 1993) The nature, content and scope of social studies, makes him a tool to develop a male of a new social € "Political order. This teacher has professed majorly in this area of social studies and has 20 publications related to this discourse. Four of these are listed here:
Osakwe, EO (1992) â € œSocial studies and military politics in Nigeria Nigerian € Journal of Social Studies Review, vol. 2, No 2, pp. 89-91
Osakwe, EO (1993a) Citizenship education: the hub of Nigerian Social Studies Journal of Social review studies. Vol 2, No 3, pp. 23-38.
Osakwe, EO (1994a), education for citizenship in a multi-ethnic society: some pedagogical insights. Studies in Education Vol. 2. No 1. April. Pp 60-64.
Osakwe, EO (1994b) teaching strategies for teaching Social Studies: Using specimens and specimens Nigerian Journal of Studies Social Vol. III, No. 1 & 2 pp. 49-55.
In Nigeria, Social Studies found concrete expression in the school system after the National Curriculum 1969 Conference. The subject is oriented to the construction of individuals, and thus build the nation (Osakwe 1993).  The potential for social studies have yet to be fully exploited in Our search for a desirable socio-political order and economic development.
Social Studies deals with human relationships. The world is constantly undergoing important changes and social studies remains a veritable tool for examining these changes, whether positive or negative. Social Studies revolves around human beings (people) and all what affects them.
Areas of specialization in Social Studies
The knowledge included in Social Studies is linked to generalizations important human relations, institutions and problems, and other events to ensure that these generalizations are clearly understood (and Osakwe Itedjere 1993)., Social Studies examines issues and problems from a holistic point of view € "therefore, to resolve an issue or problem, social studies examines the dimensions. historical cultural, sociological, economic, physical and other related vertical concentration difference can be seen in most school subjects, social studies adopting a horizontal approach spiral in the analysis of it problems. social studies, has strong affinities with the social sciences, but should not be seen as an amalgam of social sciences.
Social Studies Education is a way to provide young people a sense of hope in the future and confidence in their ability to solve social and environmental problems of individuals, communities, state or nation.
On this occasion, this lesson addresses an aspect of my discipline that is in the public interest and an academic € "Navigating the nation through todayâ € ™ s shame Tomorrow € ™ s Hunger: Social Studies as a pilot.
Tackling the problems of yesterday, today and tomorrow automatically provides three segments of the speech: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria.
NIGERIA â € "Yesterday
It is simplistic to address the problems of nation building in Nigeria today, without due attention to our past and the past in the world as it affected our past and present.
Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Sir, the educational system we inherited from our colonial masters, although criticized for shifting from our culture, products covered individuals and people who consider themselves as pillars of our democracy and our national development. educational system of the past was very structured, organized and predictable. This was the era in which education was fully responsible government or mission Agencies. educational institutions were adequately staffed, equipped and supervision was effective. 's academic calendar was stable, with almost no disruption. An entrant in the system was able to predict when he / she graduate. degree is not a candidate at the appropriate time, not was never the fault of the school or institution, but the inability of students to work hard enough to graduate education as required by establishment. period under review was marked by students of primary and secondary schools to wear uniforms that were uniform indeed. There was no provision for students to make their seats / desks or boarders, providing their own beds. The laboratories in secondary and tertiary institutions were comparable with what obtained in other parts of the world.
Sound moral education was an integral part of training in pre-1970 to late '80s Nigeria. Relationship Between students and teachers, students and teachers and other students and teachers levels of education was a very big professional. episodes of examination malpractice were very rare, and anyone caught undermining the integrity of a test is was promptly tackled Accidents with. student ratings negotiate with the teachers or lecturers / teachers to ask â € € œincentivesâ hardly existent. During the period under review, academic standards Nigeriaâ € ™ s first-generation universities were commendable and comparable to that obtained in most advanced countries Europe and America. The period witnessed mass exchange of staff from overseas universities was real universities. our international orientation and reputation, with staff and students from different parts of world. addition to the international outlook of our universities and scholars, university teachers were highly respected and were at the apex of social rating. Okecie (2008) rightly noted that the mention of the title â € € œProfessorâ attracted much attention. Office Vice-Chancellor was very reverred. The Vice-Chancellor was more respected than any responsible government.
The majority of Nigerians who went through higher education enjoyed a form of financial support or other Government. of Education has been a useful and risk was seen as the key that opened the door to success and fame.
Indolence, robbery, prostitution, ostentatious living, greed, oppression, social inequality and space were considered extremely shameful in Nigeria, for example yesteryears. was common practice for sellers to leave newspapers Portera € ™ s Lodge as students were trusted to drop the money and take the papers. Similarly, the proceeds of Rag Day were used for charity as expected. social vices are frowned at and there was greater sense of responsibility among citizens in public office holders. Workers reported at their job and remained pending at the time to work until closing. School and other institutional doors were closed at 8 am and remained so until closing. absenteeism was an aberration and something seriously frowned at. there is freedom of political association, although it was political cleavages along the three main ethnic groups with the exception of the Belt East had identity. its policy, it was possible for close relatives belong to different political parties, yet still live in harmony. The example of Ikokus can attest to this fact â € "a father and son belonged to two opposite sides.
Humans are generally animals. political capacity to organize groups of people with any political motive is a basic instinct inherent in man beings. Nigerians are very articulate political beings. there is the practice of politics traditional community that has always been with us. There was a fusion of traditional and modern social life and party politics. Because culture is not is static, even traditional practices adequate for meeting the new challenges and developments including cross-cultural contacts with his assistant implications. The social life of a people and their political culture, broadly covers several other areas of Nigeria is a political living. amalgam. This is indicative of cultural diversity country. For most of the North was much more articulate and politically responsive. This probably explains the practice in which our brothers in the north are always with their radio and listen to local and international news, so always be informed. social and political life of the party is not a function of Western education. Some southern despite their educational level, are still politically naa ¨ ve and can not read or understand the policy horizon. Nigeriaâ € ™ s economy in this period was very stable and has been divided into agriculture. This was the era of the pyramids. Nigeria is the worldâ € ™ s most largest producer of groundnuts, rubber, palm oil and seeds, soy, beniseed and also a big cotton producer, 2nd largest producer cocoa. was during this time that Malaysia came to Nigeria to get our oil and rubber plants to try in their country. outa know where both countries stand today in the production of palm oil and rubber.
solid minerals like coal, tin and columbite were extracted as economic and Nigeria was known to be aa world leader in the production of these minerals. The buoyancy of the economy is even stronger with the discovery of black gold (oil) in Nigeria. Gradually, the focus began to shift from agriculture to oil ⠀ | ⠀ | ⠀ |. the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. The Nigerian currency was strong and very determined at this time.
Exchange rate between the 70s and 80s
Nigeria            British                          American            German
N1A Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â pd STGA Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â U.S. $ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â DM 3.64
- £ 0.615Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â $ 1.51
The above figures shows a vivid picture of the strength of Naira at this time.
Nigeria has been well served by road, rail, sea air transport. During this period there were over 95,000 km of paved roads and over 3,200 km of meter gauge railway. Nigeria had just two international airports in Lagos and Kano. both northern and southern parts of the country attracted significant investments in infrastructure development, particularly in rail and road supply, so as a measure of social services such as electricity, water supply, hospitals, schools and colleges. This period was characterized by staff of the Public Works Department (PWD) compensation of herbs by the roadside to ensure long-distance and clear vision of drivers and other road users. roads were regularly maintained ⠀ "even if the roads were narrow and windy at times, were motorable throughout the year.
Nigeria Airways was the pride of West Africa. It towered over other airlines in the sub-region. Nigerian pilots were renowned for their courtesy, competence and confidence. their takeoff and landing was considerable, and no jerks hiccups. Nigeria Airways flew continuously in Europe, Asia, United States and several African routes without blemish. The DC 10s, Boeing 737, 707 and 747 were constant on the international routes, while smaller planes serving the local (internal) routes. Closer to home here, the waterway from Sapele through to Obiaruku River was navigable Ethiopian and building materials were transported through this channel.
Security of lives and property was in a much guaranteed during this great period. E 'could travel through the night without fear of traveling robbers. Night was preferred by a series of Nigerians. incidents of armed robbery was rare and was not easy to track criminals. was fashionable to engage in crime because there was a general rejection of society or dislike for any individual who was known to be a criminal or social deviants.
NIGERIA TODAY
Today, Nigeria has exchanged its decent values of diligence, patriotism, high ethical standards, its abundant natural resources for the past habits inglorious colloquially referred to as â € € œNigerian factor: the pursuit of injustice, values reversed, endemic corruption and gross mismanagement. Today Nigeria is fatally struck by a deliberately self-inflicted wound. Most of what is happening in Nigeria now stands at national shame, our pain and shame. This shame is more evident our â € € œNew politics is marked by violence causing loss of lives and properties, maneuvering and mass murders. The beneficiaries deserving are ready to commit to convince the masses confused and in supporting the political outcome of their deeds. approval Almost immediately rushed across the country, especially some Christian and Muslim religious leaders and other leaders self-seeking that pontificate on the fallacy that governments and leadership are chosen and ordained by God and we must accept things as they are to save our nascent democracy. But peace without justice can not stand the test of time and is an invitation to anarchy.
Unlike what obtains in other Western democracies and stable political systems in which they declared the election results within 24 hours of polls closing, Nigeria, could take three days. in some ridiculous situations such as local government elections that are even smaller geographical entities to manage, yet it takes days before the results are officially released. This drag usual leaves room for manipulation and panel-beating of figures. Despite all these figures are ridiculous issued as results. In some cases, there are more votes than the number of registered voters is not voters. multiple uncommon. The court ruling in State revealed that voters voted fictitious and some others have voted several times including the voters should the other side of the Atlantic.
The basis for each stable and functional democratic state is process. This election should be seen as the key issue in a country like ours. The electoral process is a choice policy by the Next populace. market rumors and hallway discussions, voting is an activity that shows the degree of peopleâ € ™ s involvement in politics. when free and secret ballot takes place, the direction and quantum of individuals out boldly € ™ s participation in their true form.
In a survey conducted by this teacher in 1998, the degree of apathy expressed by young people was amazing.
possible percentage Participation in elections
S / NO
CATEGORY
NO STUDENTS Respond to each category
No all students
Percentage of total
1.
Indifferent or undecided
162
250
65%
2.
Yes or interested
63
250
25%
3.
No, or not interested
25
250
10%
This practice has been almost a decade monumentally fraudulent elections before 2007, but the data revealed high levels of alienation or disenchantment with politics and the electoral process among young people. In most cases, alienation or apathy leads to high level of citizen participation in political disinterest. effectiveness depends on knowledge of how the system really works.
Our citizens have not been systematically exposed the methods of operations of our policy System.IO A good number of our young people were left to wander aimlessly in Nigeria arena. This resulted in both political disinformation and denial of political instincts young people to national policy.
Our process Election and protest mate results is unprecedented in the annals of elections in any part of globe. Many Nigerians are of the view that individuals € ™ s vote does not count â € "that the results are predetermined. This has led to apathy and severe depression by a large segment of voters (see Osakwe 1998, Ogino 2008). The June 12, 1993 elections, judged to be free was canceled ignomity deal with the disappointment of Nigerians. Since then, the situation has worsened. There is now understandably very cynicism toward elections and the electoral process by some Nigerians.
Another disturbing dimension in this discourse is that the policy Nigeria is no longer seen as a way for the service, instead became a street guide for the supremacy of wealth, and public recognition. This led to emergence of political upstarts with twisted mind on political aspects of electorate. has marked their lives extravagant lifestyle, luxury cars, including vehicles test bullet, escorts with sirens and intimidation of all perceived opponents and those who refuse to recognize their new found position and wellness are difficult manage. What we now witness a replay of the biblical Haman-Mordecai saga. Haman, an upstart politician paid a huge sum of money to ensure that the entire Jewish race is wiped out because Mordecai the Jew did not bow down to him.
It 's a sign of political immaturity of trying to use the opportunity political resolve scores. It 'a show of shame and reflection of fight against a policy complex. should be a very interesting part of our lives national, but is now a matter of life or death, sometimes sending shivers down the spine of the population. For this reason, organizing or conducting the Election in Nigeria is the war and several lives have gone with the elections in Nigeria.
Political Assassinations
Between 1999 and 2009, 39 cases politically â € "motivated murders were reported in the country. The timing of these murders show that it is usually more prevalent in previous years elections and the election campaign proper. For example, there were 17 cases of murder between 2002 and 2003, nine cases were recorded between 2005 and 2007 (another pre-election and the election period).
Political assassinations â € "1999-2009 (- A graphic representation)
In the most recent elections in Nigeria, firearms were freely used. In Jos crisis November / December 2008, more than 500 lives were lost in the chaos that pulled election. Many of those hospitalized were victims of bullet wound. How you compare with what obtains in other parts of the world where they meet the results of the elections and the electoral process takes place in an orderly manner?
A common feature the political terrain in Nigeria is the issue of recycling of individuals and families ⠀ "giving the impression that there is an eternal mandate that these individuals and families should always be there. How do you explain a situation where some political actors who were contemporaries of the Sage of the moment, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, are still wander around the corridors of power. There are some individuals who were in all political flirtation "rule by the military 29 years of age ⠀ democracy in Nigeria. Too bad that almost two years after the 2007 general elections, but there are still many-to-be-resolved cases the court.
It 's a fact that since the elections litigation, Nigerians of various efforts, we are united in seeking a reform process that the tree water a transparent, free and fair elections so as to eliminate the rancor that greeted the results of the April 2007 polls and literally created hatred and anarchy.
How long Nigerians living with this level of rancor and uncertainty? When will the elections be conducted in transparent manner in the end the loser is still guide to concede defeat and congratulate with the winner?  In the U.S. elections of November 4, 2008, the Republican presidential candidate John McCain graciously granted victory to Democratic candidate Presidency, Barack Obama in less than 24 hours after polls. The winner and loser in the American elections did not have to wait for the boss to announce the outcome of the election result celebrated in most election world. put forward the results, as announced live by Cable News Network (CNN).
It is instructive to state here that Nigeriaâ € ™ s national television, the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) had a live coverage of the American elections. Why could not cover our national elections live. Some international observers were refused entry and their relationship discountenanced by our electoral authorities, but Nigerians went Ghana to monitor the elections! Our electoral process is not transparent and acceptable. It 'still to be made both nationally and internationally.
CORRUPTION
Corruption is used here to capture a condition or state of falsity, impropriety, illegality or legality injustice directed toward the acquisition power, money or position for private gain and sectional.
Corruption has become endemic in Nigeria and a culturally corrupt system, it will generate society. a corrupt society and people are naturally produced in its genre, unless there is a drastic cultural or there is a new direction because of time: remember the Social Studies formula. The Nigerian society has a very fertile ground for fraudulent practices, leading to the institutionalization of corruption. a corrupt society according to Lewis (2008) produces corrupt leaders and followers; corrupt leaders to copy or create corrupt institutions and corrupt institutions create a multiple of systems. corrupt This may explain why there is hardly any institution or system that is free from corruption Nigeria. religious institutions are not exempt in the this. Corruption is indeed the worst enemy Nigeriaâ € ™ s preventing citizens from enjoying the huge natural resources. Corruption is detrimental to economic growth.Â, increases income inequality and poverty reduction through economic growth. also promotes and supports the unequal distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education (Olajide, 2008).
Despite the imposition of anti-corruption agencies like the Economic and Financial Committee for Crimes (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offenses Commission (ICPC) corrupt practices have continued in many ways and forms infamous ingeniously in Nigeria. This monster called corruption continued to be the ruin of the country '€ ™ s push towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals Millennium. Recently, in an interactive session with the House of Representatives Committee on drugs and narcotics, financial crimes, executive director of the Committee Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), alleged that some Nigerians have received the fall in world prices and had been through the day and night globe to buy property with money looted by the authors of this crime country. know how to beat all the mechanisms in place to control their nefarious activities. Our image has been severely compromised by corrupt activities Nigerians. Corruption among Nigerians is also evident in Internet fraud and the infamous Free Advance Fraud (aka 419). A number of innocent Nigerians and foreigners have been victims of both Internet and the fee Advance fraud. A number of young people now living large and large with the proceeds of corruption and fraud.
Nigeriaâ € ™ s image has been severely affected worldwide as a result of fraudulent practices some of our Nigerian citizens. Many languish in prisons in a number of countries â € "Some were not so fortunate, were executed by authorities of those countries where they committed the atrocities. The war against corruption seem to have been a focus during Obasanjoâ € ™ s regime. Yar Arduaâ € ™ s administration has promised that there would be no sacred cows in his administration fight. € ™ s anti-corruption, however, his war against corruption came under severe skepticism and cynicism following the redeployment of the former president's anti-corruption agency and its many travails that then culminated in his dismissal. It 's a very sad commentary and sends a very wrong message to Nigerians and the international community.
The anti-corruption crusade time is gradually grinding to a halt and some observers are always very concerned, because the suffering of the masses, they feel have been caused by some individuals who have hijacked money given to the welfare of the masses for their personal gain. One of the reasons for apparent corruption, continued to pervade the length and breadth of Nigeria can be that the three arms of government in words to its eradication.
Corruption has done damage to the political system and the generality of our people is immeasurable and incalculable. The malaise pervades all strata of society, including public institutions. According to the opinion of the Day November 5, 2008, nothing works well in Nigeria because of corruption. different roads are in a deplorable state, even when Attempts are made to road rehabilitation, corruption will not allow an in-depth and lasting.
Education and corruption
Sexual harassment has become so in Nigeria tertiary education. This was a highly disturbing affairs. The issue of sexual harassment in high schools has attracted attention a number of academics ⠀ "(2008 Osakwe, Igborgbor 2008, Okecie, 2008). A Sexual harassment is a manifestation of power relations and most among girls and women are to receive sexual harassment end. is not limited to any age level ⠀ "some older academics have been known to engage in this abominable game.o. Some academics have lost their jobs under this misdemeanor. Some have continued to exploit and contaminate the girls and make public boast of their sexual escapades. Some girls and married women have been traumatized, all in a bid to acquire a university degree or diploma other tertiary institutions. Closely linked to the issue of sexual harassment is corruption in our educational system from primary school to university level. pupils and students are forced to pay a levy or signature other. arbitrators' report, the clearance, form naturally, given the paper ⠀ "Draw all illegal charges. Some time ago in the history of Nigeria,
Teachers at all levels of education gained a great compliance by members of the Board public. seen as honest, disciplined and morally, it was then the most fashionable looking for a teacher whenever a public position that calls for a person of high integrity became vacant. had the aura of saints and their admirers always proved right every time I had the opportunity to bring their experience and knowledge to bear on public affairs. However, this hallowed academic integrity of the class seems to have taken his leave, as the country continues to stink of corruption (Aghedo 2008).
Within the last few years, three professors have paid the price for the sexual exploitation of girls and had be disgraced by office. There are still many others waiting to be disgraced. academic corruption has assumed different dimensions, ranging from plagiarism, victimization, gagging of academic freedom, erosion of mentoring in the production of foot soldiers / academic hostage Taking € â € â € "with which young academics as part of a senior colleague have no choice but to do their Mastera € ™ s bidding. Academic freedom that once characterized the university system is fast eroding and giving way to political campus dangerous cracks and other interest groups â € "whose interests are some other things but academic.
Examination malpractice has also become one of the biggest problems facing education in Nigeria. The phenomenon has become monstrous and will Only very brave and ruthless measures to remove Out The situation is unfortunate that some people expected to address this problem are the products of examination malpractice if themselves.
- examination malpractice is not limited to gender, both boys and girls are firmly in the business.
Transport and corruption
The airports are not available the necessary facilities, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) can not find sites of aircraft wreckage. The most recent position was challenged until several months later by hunters. railway lines remain dysfunctional ⠀ "some rail lines are now used by traders to display their wares.
General Attitude corruption
People no longer expressed bitterness and shock every time I hear of billions of Naira being stolen from public coffers, since it has now become a daily occurrence. For example, it was reported that in a month, a governor in a state spent N1bn (one billion Naira) in the state for security matters ⠀ "a condition in which there was no war, or the breakdown of law and order.
The state of corruption in Nigeria today is a product of inconsistent and irregular war corruption â € "After having been fought to a standstill by General Murtala Mohammed in 1975 and 1976, a follow-up as Buhari / Idiagbon and then by Nuhu Ribadu would have brought the monster to its knees. But the interim period between Mohammed and in general Buhari led Babangida who ruled between 1985 and 1993. Unlike the regime Buhari, who came hard looters of public funds some of whom were several prison sentences, Babangida returned the activities of various officers and restored the ranks of the officers dismissed. Call it a reward for corruption! This story could be repeated again if the travails of Nuhu Ribadu is allowed to continue. Call punishment for the fight against corruption! The war against corruption at the moment is sleeping.
Corruption and Power sector
Two thousand (2,000) megawatts of electricity was generated in 2008 compared with the 3,000 generated in 2003. These figures are ridiculous. South Africa with a population of 60 million euros, generating 45 000 megawatts and the government of South Africa is hoping to increase its capacity to 60,000.  How Nigeria can still claim to be the giant of Africa? In Our industries and small businesses provide their electricity â € "how they can break even in the face thea production costs exorbitant mainly due to the continuing lack of public power system. How can Nigeria's industrial dreams to be actualized in the light of current energy challenges. Despite the PresidentA € ™ s plan to declare a state of emergency in the energy sector, things have not been improved small, artisans and other workers in Nigeria persons have been forced to close their business because of the unavailability of energy.
It 'was reported (Tell Dec. 8, that in one month (November 2008) the worsening power situation has forced the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to announce the loss of generation capacity of 800 MW â € "Within the same period the Sapele Power Station has been completely closed and the central Lagos Egbin was operating at reduced capacity œat € €. Exactly 10 days later, PHCN reported the additional loss of 200 MW. All these were responsible for 12 power rationing hourly zonal rotation to maintain stability system and ensure a distribution of its production, limited operating plants. According to the plan of rotation, PHCN divided the country into zones. Each zone gets energy electricity for 12 hours, this is no guarantee that the light would come. There are areas / sections of the country where power failure is more regular power supply. Even the public â € œpromisedâ € 6,500 MW more by 2009 is far from our demands for electricity expected in Nigeria.
Us We also inform you (Tell December 2008) that each university spends more than N120 million annually on diesel. What a colossal waste of money that would have been reinvested in other critical areas of the University administration. Many universities in Nigeria can not afford to spend this awesome amount of money for electricity. This obviously does not cover the bills of electricity to adjust PHCN.
Iron and Steel and CORRUPTION
Iron and steel industry has swallowed billions of dollars since 1980 ⠀ "yet there is nothing to show for it. The federal government created the Ajaokuta and Delta steel plants, along with three-way Rolling mills Oshogbo, Jos and Katsina. Plants and Rolling Mills steel have not been able to meet the aspirations of steel of Nigerians, mainly because of corruption and beaurcactic bottle necks. What we have now is more like museums instead of stainless steel plants. How do you explain the astronomical cost of imported iron and steel products when we should be the producers of the product?  Some of the systems, components and spare parts not longer be produced anywhere in the world. computer components are totally obsolete leaving engineers to cannibalize existing components, up to the point that there is nothing to fall back on.
The Minister of State supervision of the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, has recently declared with Nigerians to be patient with the pace of development, stating that, â € a € œtheirs government is not going slow. A Unfortunately, Nigerians can not not believe that this administration and the past have no clear policy on how to redesign the iron and steel and position it for Nigeriaâ € ™ s industrial take off. For Nigerians how long to wait for the takeoff of an iron and steel industry efficient? A number of Nigerians were sent to Europe, Russia and Japan to be trained in iron and steel industry. All these high-level human resources have been dismissed against the privatization policy of the last administration. grantedof Some of the steel plants for political parties-business partners of the government of the day.
The steel industry is the basis for any significant development any technological and industrial nation. Nigeria can not afford to remain an eternal importer of steel products. This sector should contribute significantly economic development of Nigeria. There seem to be a clear road map that would lead Nigeria to become an important development partner continent. steel on Africa As the dream of making Nigeria one of the top 20 world economies by 2020 come true?  How can this be achieved when the steel mills are primary been privatized into the wrong hands? The control of the primary source of steel (plate and liquid) is the control of industrial development of the industry nation. iron and steel is therefore a critical area of economic development should not be left in the hands of foreign investors or indigenous.
The railway line dedicated to linking Delta Steel Company, Aladja, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited and Nigerian Iron Ore Mining Company Itakpe are still to be completed ⠀ "until this is that the full value of the company can never be realized. The project railway line, like many other government projects is more like an abandoned project which is already suffering fast depreciation. the River Niger is yet to be dredged and the Escravos estuary is still cleared. liquid steel can never be Ajaokuta products without all these things being implemented.
EXTRA JUDICIAL MURDERS
One issue that has worried many Nigerians and sent shivers down the spine of citizenship has to do with murders. extrajudicial A number of families have been traumatized by the loss of their loved ones arising extra-judicial incidents in neighboring murder. The downside of this development is that evidence is or completely obliterated or victims are presented as criminals € "the dead can not speak for himself or herself. few examples will buttress the point here â €" Nearly two decades ago, a Nigerian star Dele Udo athlete was killed in a police control point. This was also the fate of a number of innocent Nigerians in police control various points throughout the country some point or another. In 2002, some traders traveling along the â € Oken "Lokoja highway were intercepted by police who had discovered a lot of money on them. The police tied to traders and bundled them into buses and set it on fire, making off with their millions of Naira. One of the dealers miraculously survived and escaped and reported the incident. The police were late arrested, tried and sentenced appropriately. A well-known journalist, died in circumstances Bayo Awosika neighboring extrajudicial killing. It was alleged that he died after his vehicle struck a police van and then flip several times before to land in another part of road. sommersault In spite of the claim, there was no dent on the vehicle, the handbreak Bayo € ™ s car was still burning and there was a piece of wood under fire car. The post-mortem examination revealed that the boy died from an accident on the missile â € " it was hit by a fast-moving metal (bullet). In may this was another case of extra judicial murder. The case of citizen John Abah ina Benue is still very fresh. The November 14, 2008, bullets fired by a squad of police patrol killed him, the young had left the evening to relax with friends when his life was cut short. The incident that led to his premature death was due to a rift between the deceased and a police officer in a parlour. beer public in 2006, police killed a young man in the same town â € "Oturkpo, more of a protest by residents in a facility to PHCN due to power outage.
On December 2, 2008, authorities in Lagos State University, have been forced to issue a press release on his shot students. This was following the resumption of November 25, 2008 4 University students who had gone to the local government identification. Resulting from prompt reaction of the authorities in Lagos State University, the state governor placed in action. the erring policemen were arrested and subsequently dismissed. One Student shot at the end succumbed to his injuries, despite the combined efforts of government and the Lagos State Lagos State University to save his life. The question is as time Nigerians endure this barbaric and senseless killing of its citizens by people who should protect them?  The killing of a student in Athens, Greece early in December 2008 has sparked protests by students and teachers for several days running. the killing of a Brazilian in the United Kingdom during a raid on terror has led to the prosecution of police officer concerned. In December 2008 a woman was killed in Ogun â € "has been removed for an armed robber. The police have struggled to explain lively by the fact that she was an armed robber. A young man was killed by a policeman in front of a bank in Benin City to engage in a brawl in front of the bank â € "this incident took place in January 2009. In the same month of January a young man was killed by police in Lagos in unexplained circumstances. Some drivers have been victims of commercial shootings or police brutality or other forms for their refusal to part with their money illegally € â € œusual Tolla.
MILLENNIUM Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Following the UN Millennium Declaration was adopted at the Millennium Summit held in New York, September 6 â € "8th, 2000, Nigeria has committed itself to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. These objectives have been targets for make measurable improvements in the lives of the worldâ € ™ s poorest citizens.
Objective I: Â Â Â Â Â Â Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Poverty still millions of Nigerians looking face. the degree of hunger clearly manifests the burial, weddings and other social events where free food and drinks are served generously from a select few. In these meetings, some uninvited guests to fight food. Worse, the adolescents milling anxiously waiting for those duly notified to leave the remains for them to eat or carry away. Many of our young people now have become scavengers assumed in the midst of plenty.
According to Bolat (2008), poverty exists when people lack the means to meet their basic needs. These can be defined in a narrow sense as those requirements necessary for survival, or in general needs which reflect the prevailing standard of living in poverty community. describes a situation in which the peoples of resources (material, social and cultural) as so limited as to exclude these people from the minimum acceptable way of life. Poverty is multifaceted (Bolat 2008), including poor access to public services and infrastructure, unhealthy environment, illiteracy and ignorance, poor health, insecurity, voicelessness and social exclusion, including low household incomes and food insecurity.
Between the period 1980-1996, the percentage of poor fell from 28.1% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This, in terms of numbers translates to 17.7 million poor in 1980 and 67.1 million people in 1996. It is estimated that by 2015, between 30.1 million and 40.4 million people would still live in poverty in Nigeria.
Second African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD 2005), Nigeria with an annual per capita income of just $ 300, is one of the 20 poorest countries in the world. It is estimated that Nigeria is growing at around 3% and the savings rate National is about 15%.  In the midst of other such complex problems of infrastructural decay and corruption, like Nigeria can achieve the millennium number one?
After independence, Nigeria has consistently fallen in the group of countries with low human development, as characterized by (HDI) coefficient lower than 0.5 (on a scale of 0-1). A with a score of 0.470, Nigeria occupies a lowly 158th position, where countries such as Eritrea and Senegal better. rate This is a very big sin indeed. How can you say that Benin Republic and Rwanda are higher in the scale of Nigeria in terms of GDP per capita.
Table 1: Nigeriaâ € ™ s human development index 2005
HND value
Life expectancy at birth      (Years)
Adult literacy rate
(Age% 154 and more old)
Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio    (%)
GDP per capita (PPP USS)
1. Iceland (0.968)
1. Japan (82.3)
1. Georgia (100.0)
1. Australia (113.0)
1. Luxembourg (60.228)
156. Senegal (0.499)
163.Botswana (48.1)
102.Algeria (69.9)
136.Nepal (58.2)
158.Rwanda (1206)
157.Eritrea (0.483)
1653.Cote dâ € ™ Ivoire (47.4)
103.Tanzania (United
Republic of) (69.4)
137.Equatorial Guinea (58.1)
159.Benin (1.141)
158.Nigeria (0.470)
165.Nigeria (46.5)
104.Nigeria (69.1)
138.Nigeria (56.2)
160. Nigeria (1128)
159.Tanzania (United Republic of) (0.467)
166.Malawi (46.3)
105. Guatemala (69.1)
139. Bangladesh (56.0)
161. Eritrea (1.109)
160. Guinea (0.456)
167.Guinea-Bissau (45.8)
106.Lao peopleâ € ™ s Democratic Republic (68.7)
140.Yemen (55.2)
162. Ethiopia (1055)
177.Sierra Leone (0.336)
177.Zambia (40.5)
139.Burkina Faso (23.6)
172.Niger (22.7)
174.Malawi (667)
Human Development Report 2007/2008 cards Country – Nigeria
Table 2: Key indicators of human poverty for Nigeria
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 2004
Probability of not surviving past age 40 (5) 2004
Adult illiteracy rate (% Age 15 and over) 2004
People without access to improved water source (%) 2004
Children underweight for age (% ages 0-5) 2004
1.Chad (56.9)
1.Zimbabwe (57.4)
1.Burkina Faso (76.4)
1.Ethiopia (78)
1.Nepal (48)
27.Yemen (38.0)
12.Congo (Democratic Republic of the (41.1)
34.Lao peopleâ € ™ s Democratic Republic (31.3)
8.Congo (Democratic Republic of (54)
22. Angola (31)
28. Burundi (37.6)
13.Guinea-Bissau (40.5)
35. Guatemala (30.9)
9. Fiji (53)
23.Maldives (30)
29. Nigeria (37.3)
14.Nigeria (39.0)
36.Nigeria (30.9)
10. Nigeria (52)
24.Nigeria (29)
30.Malawi (36.7)
15.Cote dâ € ™ Ivoire (38.6)
37.Tanzania (United Republic of) (30.6)
11.Madagascar (50)
25.Sri Lanka (29)
31.Rwanda (36.5)
16.Uganda (38.5)
38.Algeria (30.1)
12. Mali (50)
26. Philippines (28)
108. Barbados (3.0)
173.Iceland (1.4)
164.Estonia (0.2)
125.Hungary (1)
134.Chile (1)
Human Development Report 2007/2008 â € "Country Facts Sheet – Nigeria
Tables 1 and 2 summarize the sordid state of affairs as it relates to poverty in Nigeria level. overall rating is MGD1 How do I make the face of this incredible level of poverty in Nigeria?
Objective 2: Â Â Â Â ensure primary education
The National Policy education (2004, revised) states that â € œThe government recognizes education as an instrument par excellence for effecting national development. The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) is saddled with the responsibility to ensure that Nigeria will reach the goal of universal primary education by 2015. year How can this ambitious goal be achieved in the face of non-cooperation of different states of the federation, is not meeting with requests for access their funds for state universal basic education program? a less than 50% of states in the country were able to comply by paying their counterpart funding. the unless and until this is done, as the States in default and, by extension, the country will be able to meet the 2015 targeta date for achieving universal primary education. What could be responsible for the lackluster attitude of some state governments to meet their share of the obligation to do so? One may be that education is underestimated by the current democratic actors or that the conditions of access to the fund does not permit the usual huge financial infiltration into the wrong hands?
Nigeria has also approved Jometien Conference on Education for All (EFA) by 2000, which set targets for early childhood care and development, education primary, junior and adult literacy. The trend in gross enrollment ratio (GER) shows a significant fluctuation of enrollment between 1991 and 2000. registration is increased significantly between 1990 and 1994, up from 68% to 86%. A result, enrollment fell to 81% in 1995 and 70% in 1996. Thus, in Nigeria have not Jometien reached the goal of EFA 2000.
The Universal Basic Education (UBE), the guideline states that each primary and junior secondary school should have a general science laboratory to meet the elementary science and domestic science, a well-ventilated bathroom for a maximum of 40 pupils and students per toilet, a teacher teach or manage 40 pupils or students. These conditions and what is achievable in our schools is utopian, and can not be reached by the year 2015. Very few schools have the semblance of a laboratory. the nearby bushes to provide toilets in some of our schools.
Objective 3: Â Â Â Â Promote gender equality and empower women
The aim of this objective is to eliminate gender inequality in primary and secondary education by 2005 and at all levels of education no later 2015. The indicators here are:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The ratio of females to males of 15-24 years.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Share of women in wage employment in non-agricultural
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Percentage of seats occupied by women in national parliament.
gender inequality still manifests itself strongly access to primary, secondary and tertiary bringing unequal access to employment (Millennium Development Report 2004)
It is estimated that approximately 50% of Nigeriaâ € ™ s population is women and girls, but gender inequalities in access to primary, secondary and tertiary education dates back to pre-colonial Africa has its roots in traditional culture. the goal of gender equality and empower women to be Reached by 2015. The answer is obviously in society must be negative. ready to deal with gender stereotypes and acceptance that the female gender can aspire to the highest height if the company will allow. The idea secular Women like to be there just to children or to satisfy the leisure needs of the people should have such jettisoned. women excel in any career choice should be, but very good and better managers of the house and society. There should be no gender discrimination in employment, public or private.
Objective 4 â € "Reduce child mortality
The National Report of the Millennium (2004) noted that not much progress has been made in reducing child mortality. Estimates from the 2003 National Demographic and Health Survey to under-five mortality rate as 217 per 1,000 with large regional variations. Urban and rural areas were under-five mortality rates of 243 per 1,000 and 153 per 1,000 respectively. The projection of the goal in question is that there should be a reduction two-thirds (2 / 3), mortality under five by 2015. In other words, Nigeria should be able to reduce the moral under-five to 49 per 1,000 for 2015. It is highly unlikely that Nigeria will meet the 2015 target of reducing under-five mortality by two thirds (2 / 3).
The main obstacles to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals 4 are poor access to health facilities (poverty), HIV / AIDS and poor maternal health. Good money services health care costs and this is not within the reach of poor people who unfortunately are the majority of Nigeriaâ € ™ s population. Corruption and greed is not allowed for the services of free-health poor. Unfortunately, those of the government should ensure that high-class medical facilities in our public health institutions have failed in their responsibilities. These same people who can afford to travel abroad for minimum disturbance.
Availability Health care services, 1996 â € "2000
(Pear € ™ 000 people)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Number of Doctors
0.212
0.207
0.201
0223
0.22
Number of hospital beds
0.677
0.643
0.613
0.575
0.639
The table illustrates very frightening state of health care facilities Nigeria. What efforts are on ground to ensure that the situation changes drastically in a positive way before 2015?
Goal 5: Â Â Â Â Improve maternal health
The aim of this objective is to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Although there was slight decrease in maternal mortality since 1990, the level is still high approximately 1,000 per 100,000 live births between the end of 1990 to 2001. The national maternal mortality rate is 704 per 100,000 live births, with considerable regional variations (MDG Report 2004)
maternal deaths in Nigeria, as in most developing countries are usually attributed to women € ™ s helplessness and their differences access to employment, finances, education, basic health care, and other resources.
The challenges for achieving the MDGs include 5 of pregnancy adolescent girls, harmful cultural practices, lack of health personnel and other infrastructure, especially in rural areas areas. Nigeria accounts for 10% of maternal deaths Global (UCAID 2008).
52,000 Nigerian women die each year from maternal related complications. Lanre-Abass (2008) stated that the majority of births in Nigeria (66%) home. occur at a lower percentage of women receive postnatal care, which is crucial for monitoring treatment and complications in the first delivery. two days after Nigerian health system was plagued with problems of quality of service, including the hostile attitude of some health personnel (Doctors and nurses), inadequate skills, decaying infrastructure, lack of essential drugs and counterfeit medicines.
Objective 6: A A A A HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases
It is estimated that over 4.5 million Nigerian adults and children living with HIV / AIDS in 2008. The cumulative deaths from AIDS to 2008 was about 4.2 million people. These are alarming figures that would affect any group of people (Osakwe 2008). A The age groups most affected by viruses includes 20 ⠀ "29 years of age, while the regions with the highest prevalence rates include the Centre-North, Northeast, and parts of south-south. And 'shocking know that the University treated 10,800 people with HIV between January and October 2008.
Several factors contribute to the spread HIV / AIDS in Nigeria and this includes sexual networking practices such as polygamy, a high prevalence of untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs.) low condom use, poverty, low literacy, poor health status, stigma and irresponsible sexual habits. The prevalence of malaria in Nigeria remained high, and this is due to the abundance of blocked drains and general filth that helps malaria vectors. An estimated one million deaths each year are in Nigeria from malaria. The fact that we have an insufficient number of medical personnel trained to implement programs like the National Programme AIDS remains a major challenge towards achieving MDG Goal 6.
Goal 7: Â Â Â Â Ensure environmental sustainability
Nigeria is still grappling with the challenge of environmental sustainability. There are still major problems related to land degradation, pollution, flooding, erosion, desertification, inefficient use of energy resources, loss of biodiversity, environmental disasters and deforestation. There is still a lack of access to improved sanitation Nigeria, which can be attributed to poor implementation of health and housing and other related policies, high levels of poverty, low levels of awareness about issues concerning environmental sustainability and rural general improvement. Why is the perennial gully erosion in the southeast part of the Delta and Edo challenged the attention of a € "instead, agricultural land and buildings are washed away annually, cut off roads and separate communities, adults and children are taken away As explained floods. is that in the 21st century, although in some campuses, students defecate anywhere and worse, in some hostels girl! â € œShort puta- € has taken on new meaning for this anti social behavior. Students defecating in black polythene bags and throw themselves behind the salt bath or leave ends. Sometimes these human waste is washed away in drains and sewers creating health hazards. The excavations for the construction and building sand can not be so obvious an environmental hazard as quickly spent, but without the environmental consequences excavation without much pain and anguish for the people. Some Nigerian daily help environmental degradation and danger to life and property from their carefree environment â € "hostile activities.
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Nigeria has continued to play a prominent role in regional cooperation
About the Author
Professor Emman Osakwe
B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), M.A. (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)
Dillard’s